HISTORIC SOURCES FOR THE DOMINATION IN MANI (1774-1821)

Mani known for the polemic and revolutionary spirit of its inhabitants always provided Turkey with several goods taking constantly suppressive and safety measures against the Turkish domination in this harsh and inaccessible country. So, after the defeat of Crete, the Turks attempted to capture Mani building two castles, one in Zarnata and the other in Kelefa, which were characterized by Hammer as the bridles of Mani.

A century later, after the treaty of Kioutsouk Kainartzi (1774) and the end of the Russian and Turkish war and the eviction of the Albanians from Morea, they implemented potent measures for the government of Mani.

Mani was detached from Morea and became subjected to the Admiral of the Navy, as all places near the sea. It is given the privilege to be governed by a local governor, who is elected by the captains, the bishops and the dignitary having the obligation to pay an annual homage to the Turks. This policy was presented as recognition of the Turks to Mani; however, in reality it was a measure to control the area in case of rebellion, which could be better handled via the sea than the land.

Since 1776, when the new administration system was applied, until 1821 the year of the Greek Revolution, 8 local Beys ruled Mani: 1. Tzanetbey Koutifaris, captain of Stavropigio or Zarnata (1776-1779), 2. Michalbey Troupakis, captain of Androuvitsa (1779-1782), 3. Tzanetbey Grigorakis, captain of Marathonisi (1782-1798), 4. Panagiotbey Koumoundourakis, captain of Ageranou (1803-1808), 5. Antonbey Zervakos, son in law of Antonbey (1808-1812), 7. Theodorbey Grigorakis, captain of Marathonisi (1812-1815) and Petrobey Mavromichalis, captain of Tsimova with headquarters in Kitries in Stavropigio (1815-1821).

Apart from Tzanetbey Grigoraki, who governed incessantly for 16 years, all the others ruled for short periods of time. The Turks always tried not to extend the power of each Bey in order to avoid any subsequent dangers. They could always find a reason to change Bey, either due to delay to pay the homage or due to disobedience or due to participation to pirate acts. As a result, they were evicted or imprisoned or even hanged. In all cases their fortune was confiscated.